Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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Table B14. Selected principal building activity: part 2, floorspace, 2012

Released: May 2016

	Total floorspace (million square feet)
		Principal building activity
					Health care		Public order and safety
	All buildings	Food service	Food sales	Lodging	In- patient	Out- patient	Public order and safety
All buildings	87,093	1,819	1,252	5,826	2,374	1,781	1,440
Building floorspace (square feet)
1,001 to 10,000	16,941	1,429	557	299	N	510	331
10,001 to 100,000	39,940	390	562	2,739	282	927	557
Over 100,000	30,212	N	Q	2,788	2,092	345	552
Year constructed
Before 1946	10,008	318	Q	375	Q	Q	Q
1946 to 1979	28,589	592	393	1,953	1,191	416	452
1980 to 1999	29,033	616	449	2,244	518	681	600
2000 to 2012	19,462	293	317	1,253	603	550	252
Census region
Northeast	15,534	292	316	1,007	538	529	345
Midwest	18,919	369	174	1,058	496	366	334
South	34,279	771	399	2,302	894	548	576
West	18,360	387	363	1,459	447	339	Q
Climate region¹
Very cold/Cold	31,898	636	540	1,999	878	876	477
Mixed-humid	27,873	636	326	1,929	790	427	597
Mixed-dry/Hot-dry	12,037	229	Q	836	268	130	Q
Hot-humid	12,831	250	135	917	364	322	Q
Marine	2,454	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Number of floors
One	39,809	1,205	949	697	Q	627	509
Two	20,206	388	223	912	Q	523	293
Three	8,140	162	Q	817	104	Q	Q
Four to nine	13,535	Q	N	2,194	1,486	294	Q
Ten or more	5,404	N	N	1,206	534	Q	Q
Elevators and escalators (more than one may apply)
Any elevators	32,120	Q	Q	4,145	2,260	978	755
Number of elevators
One	11,158	Q	Q	1,021	Q	382	Q
Two to five	12,817	Q	N	1,921	430	356	Q
Six or more	8,145	N	N	1,203	1,775	240	Q
Any escalators	3,654	N	Q	720	141	Q	Q
Number of workers (main shift)
Fewer than 10	26,724	941	583	1,515	N	357	277
10 to 99	37,613	820	632	2,848	Q	812	709
100 or more	22,756	Q	Q	1,463	2,210	612	454
Weekly operating hours
Fewer than 49	24,049	284	Q	Q	N	469	219
49 to 84	36,396	783	245	N	N	1,084	Q
85 to 167	9,395	640	702	Q	N	Q	N
Open continuously	17,253	113	281	5,733	2,374	Q	957
Ownership and occupancy
Nongovernment owned	67,550	1,702	1,252	5,360	1,900	1,623	Q
Owner occupied	30,637	1,008	612	3,656	1,247	760	Q
Leased to tenant(s)	26,115	656	448	1,130	Q	381	Q
Owner occupied and leased	8,873	Q	Q	574	450	482	Q
Unoccupied	1,925	N	N	N	N	N	N
Government owned	19,543	Q	N	466	475	158	1,274
Federal	1,573	N	N	N	104	Q	Q
State	5,539	Q	N	Q	156	Q	Q
Local	12,431	Q	N	Q	214	Q	1,019
Party responsible for operation and maintenance of energy systems
Building owner	73,702	1,409	849	5,292	2,198	1,632	1,394
Business owner or tenant	11,309	352	354	Q	Q	Q	Q
Property management	1,250	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	N
Other	832	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Provider of direct input on energy- related equipment purchases
Building owner	76,271	1,469	881	5,447	2,185	1,617	1,355
Business owner or tenant	8,256	275	316	Q	Q	Q	Q
Property management	880	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	N
Other	1,686	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Number of establishments
One	54,994	1,570	942	4,778	1,603	917	927
2 to 5	17,756	249	292	947	546	609	512
6 to 10	4,425	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	N
11 to 20	3,704	N	N	Q	Q	Q	N
More than 20	3,821	N	N	Q	Q	Q	N
Currently unoccupied	2,393	N	N	N	N	N	N
Campus or complex activity
Not part of a campus or complex	52,275	1,418	1,121	3,196	528	1,163	762
Primary or secondary school	4,616	Q	N	Q	N	N	N
College or university	4,068	Q	N	637	Q	Q	Q
Office complex	3,456	Q	N	N	N	Q	Q
Retail complex	5,159	170	Q	Q	N	Q	N
Storage complex	3,212	Q	N	N	N	N	N
Religious campus or complex	1,932	Q	N	Q	N	N	N
Health care complex	3,362	Q	N	529	1,811	450	N
Lodging or resort complex	1,295	Q	N	1,156	N	N	N
Transportation complex	554	N	N	N	N	N	N
Government complex	2,107	N	N	Q	N	Q	Q
Other	5,057	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Predominant exterior wall material
Brick, stone, or stucco	40,463	1,021	383	3,349	1,410	1,075	695
Concrete (block or poured)	20,726	335	505	1,318	417	250	434
Concrete panels	8,693	Q	Q	608	316	Q	Q
Siding or shingles	5,750	347	153	429	Q	198	Q
Metal panels	8,673	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Window glass	1,340	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	N
Other	856	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	N
No one major type	592	N	Q	Q	Q	N	N
Predominant roof material
Metal surfacing	15,916	368	323	348	Q	177	222
Synthetic or rubber	25,817	372	315	1,744	1,044	705	191
Built-up	21,835	275	Q	1,006	970	420	525
Slate or tile shingles	4,306	212	Q	588	Q	Q	Q
Wooden materials (including shingles)	1,139	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Asphalt, fiberglass, or other shingles	15,104	480	250	1,913	204	376	301
Concrete	1,642	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Other	678	Q	N	Q	N	Q	N
No one major type	657	Q	Q	Q	Q	N	Q
Roof characteristics
Roof tilt
Flat	49,623	770	660	3,107	2,205	1,142	838
Shallow pitch	23,853	612	513	822	Q	368	Q
Steeper pitch	13,617	438	Q	1,897	Q	271	345
Cool roof	19,630	237	235	1,280	946	287	347
Renovations in buildings constructed before 2008 (more than one may apply)
Any type of renovation	42,216	815	456	3,049	1,838	907	616
Addition or annex	13,022	186	Q	1,011	1,285	179	Q
Reduction in floorspace	1,753	Q	Q	Q	180	Q	Q
Roof replacement	20,917	352	Q	1,573	1,167	327	322
Exterior wall replacement	4,230	Q	Q	246	251	Q	Q
Interior wall reconfiguration	21,340	400	Q	1,099	1,366	611	337
Window replacement	12,265	249	Q	1,040	624	230	Q
HVAC equipment upgrade	26,779	450	213	1,947	1,502	547	346
Lighting upgrade	25,503	450	363	1,790	1,467	452	286
Electrical upgrade	16,160	394	Q	1,035	1,131	248	Q
Plumbing system upgrade	13,828	424	Q	1,340	881	219	Q
Insulation upgrade	7,607	201	Q	622	505	Q	Q
Fire, safety, or security upgrade	17,196	362	Q	1,538	1,309	259	Q
Structural upgrade	3,913	127	Q	Q	252	Q	Q
Other	848	N	N	Q	Q	Q	Q
No renovations	39,154	891	728	2,374	244	622	758
Buildings constructed 2008 or later	5,723	Q	Q	403	292	Q	Q
Energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	84,869	1,819	1,252	5,826	2,374	1,781	1,440
Natural gas	58,725	1,394	846	4,918	2,113	1,179	1,007
Fuel oil	20,200	Q	Q	2,051	2,257	520	908
District heat	5,964	Q	N	630	576	Q	Q
District chilled water	4,608	Q	N	Q	477	Q	Q
Propane	7,706	237	Q	883	225	Q	Q
Other	3,826	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Space-heating energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	49,030	1,017	883	3,878	1,008	1,076	643
Natural gas	49,511	1,023	667	3,153	1,627	989	851
Fuel oil	4,351	Q	Q	Q	430	Q	Q
District heat	5,925	Q	N	621	563	Q	Q
Propane	3,067	124	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Other	1,010	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Primary space-heating energy source
Electricity	26,205	695	461	2,814	160	658	Q
Natural gas	42,988	892	630	2,086	1,517	900	747
Fuel oil	2,542	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
District heat	5,797	Q	N	594	550	Q	Q
Propane	1,948	Q	Q	Q	N	Q	Q
Other	598	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Cooling energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	76,034	1,668	1,190	5,308	2,227	1,739	1,358
Natural gas	732	N	N	Q	176	Q	Q
District chilled water	4,608	Q	N	Q	477	Q	Q
Water-heating energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	42,755	750	776	1,122	401	908	635
Natural gas	39,523	1,026	672	4,267	1,688	899	742
Fuel oil	1,911	Q	Q	Q	248	Q	Q
District heat	4,551	Q	N	573	489	Q	Q
Propane	1,575	135	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Cooking energy sources (more than one may apply)
Electricity	25,151	847	651	2,250	1,564	388	622
Natural gas	24,770	1,263	588	3,167	1,826	Q	455
Propane	2,001	213	Q	362	Q	Q	Q
Energy end uses (more than one may apply)
Buildings with space heating	80,078	1,762	1,196	5,696	2,354	1,754	1,391
Buildings with cooling	79,294	1,712	1,190	5,700	2,374	1,774	1,384
Buildings with water heating	79,015	1,817	1,252	5,821	2,374	1,779	1,341
Buildings with cooking	38,546	1,738	943	4,293	2,230	419	912
Buildings with manufacturing	5,078	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	N
Buildings with electricity generation	25,642	Q	394	2,781	2,266	688	1,185
Percent of floorspace heated
Not heated	7,015	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
1 to 50	10,130	185	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
51 to 99	14,650	368	405	938	269	166	Q
100	55,298	1,209	743	4,572	2,069	1,495	1,200
Percent of floorspace cooled
Not cooled	7,799	Q	Q	Q	N	Q	Q
1 to 50	18,891	184	Q	377	Q	Q	290
51 to 99	22,728	449	576	1,764	682	339	615
100	37,676	1,080	502	3,559	1,664	1,356	479
Percent lit when open
Zero	322	N	N	Q	N	N	N
1 to 50	12,628	275	Q	1,059	Q	Q	Q
51 to 99	34,814	596	349	2,596	958	737	578
100	35,726	949	815	2,163	1,392	938	650
Building never open/electricity not used	3,603	N	N	N	N	N	Q
Percent lit during off hours
Zero	24,746	618	Q	Q	Q	494	Q
1 to 50	50,753	1,055	654	3,457	1,151	1,200	1,075
51 to 100	6,926	127	407	1,724	956	Q	Q
Building always open with no "off hours"	2,443	Q	Q	523	240	N	Q
Electricity not used	2,225	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heating equipment (more than one may apply)
Heat pumps	11,846	146	Q	1,259	506	233	Q
Furnaces	8,654	266	Q	638	124	133	Q
Individual space heaters	20,766	256	336	2,168	501	466	253
District heat	5,925	Q	N	621	563	Q	Q
Boilers	22,443	145	Q	2,105	1,698	588	466
Packaged heating units	49,188	1,296	944	2,561	1,073	1,012	601
Other	1,574	Q	Q	Q	Q	N	Q
Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)
Residential-type central air conditioners	14,765	471	357	749	Q	349	248
Heat pumps	12,538	189	Q	1,124	515	223	Q
Individual air conditioners	12,420	204	Q	2,349	537	Q	Q
District chilled water	4,608	Q	N	Q	477	Q	Q
Central chillers	17,041	Q	Q	1,658	1,883	572	416
Packaged air conditioning units	45,153	954	748	2,379	1,385	989	804
Swamp coolers	1,918	85	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Other	328	N	N	Q	Q	Q	Q
Main equipment replaced since 1990 (more than one may apply)
Heating	27,558	830	305	2,069	522	436	378
Cooling	30,702	847	317	2,581	912	563	435
Water-heating equipment
Centralized system	47,534	1,449	883	4,418	1,419	1,211	1,139
Distributed system	12,688	130	Q	369	Q	354	Q
Combination of centralized and distributed system	18,793	237	Q	1,034	860	Q	Q
Lighting equipment types (more than one may apply)
Incandescent	38,406	924	443	3,585	1,745	646	623
Standard fluorescent	80,081	1,671	1,232	5,409	2,373	1,701	1,375
Compact fluorescent	53,816	1,177	560	5,258	2,260	1,275	1,086
High-intensity discharge (HID)	23,396	121	Q	1,848	1,217	231	404
Halogen	28,059	496	271	2,696	1,452	423	416
LED	22,071	275	323	2,024	1,647	598	360
Other	446	Q	N	Q	Q	N	N
Refrigeration equipment (more than one may apply)
Any refrigeration	73,645	1,819	1,248	5,713	2,374	1,686	1,384
Walk-in units	28,361	1,524	1,026	3,126	2,216	Q	Q
Cases or cabinets	28,719	1,278	1,091	2,754	1,890	351	Q
Large cold storage areas	4,171	Q	285	Q	311	Q	Q
Commercial ice makers	32,734	1,338	688	4,303	2,293	598	521
Residential-type or compact units	62,381	929	505	4,554	2,059	1,619	1,203
Vending machines	43,936	207	670	4,286	2,297	936	944
No refrigeration	13,448	N	Q	Q	N	Q	Q
Office equipment (more than one may apply)
Desktop computers	77,063	1,387	1,040	5,373	2,374	1,773	1,411
With flat screen monitors	76,160	1,303	1,032	5,328	2,369	1,773	1,402
With multiple monitors	30,946	245	Q	1,112	1,854	752	719
Laptop computers	63,486	787	391	4,323	2,312	1,531	1,152
Dedicated servers	53,369	486	712	3,496	2,141	1,067	920
Laser printers	54,256	640	776	3,884	2,042	1,375	933
Inkjet printers	36,235	983	431	2,263	923	737	757
FAX machines	66,682	969	993	4,468	2,104	1,643	1,182
Photocopiers	59,277	360	492	3,942	2,267	1,459	1,092
Number of desktop computers
None	10,030	432	212	452	N	Q	Q
1 to 4	15,669	1,118	477	1,183	N	224	360
5 to 9	9,422	214	Q	824	Q	165	Q
10 to 19	9,388	Q	Q	706	Q	276	Q
20 to 49	13,094	Q	Q	1,336	Q	342	Q
50 to 99	8,284	N	N	486	118	278	Q
100 to 249	9,728	N	N	Q	370	330	Q
250 or more	11,478	N	N	Q	1,746	157	Q
Number of laptop computers
None	23,607	1,033	860	1,502	Q	250	288
1 to 4	21,161	674	329	1,330	Q	434	363
5 to 9	8,345	Q	Q	613	Q	177	Q
10 to 19	8,343	Q	N	684	306	354	Q
20 to 49	9,643	N	N	804	295	258	Q
50 to 99	5,234	N	N	Q	316	Q	Q
100 to 249	5,217	N	N	Q	459	Q	Q
250 or more	5,542	N	N	Q	701	Q	Q
Number of dedicated servers
None	33,724	1,333	540	2,330	233	715	519
1 to 4	34,097	467	712	2,601	373	731	455
5 to 9	6,241	Q	N	Q	263	Q	Q
10 to 19	5,711	N	N	Q	276	Q	Q
20 to 49	3,758	N	N	Q	472	Q	Q
50 or more	3,562	N	N	Q	757	Q	Q
Number of photocopiers
None	27,816	1,459	759	1,884	107	322	348
One	17,080	292	375	1,324	Q	298	294
2 to 4	20,312	Q	Q	1,494	Q	531	Q
5 to 9	8,863	N	Q	358	163	Q	Q
10 or more	13,022	N	N	766	1,967	514	498
Number of TVs or video displays
None	24,339	458	508	Q	Q	275	Q
One	9,990	266	300	Q	N	171	Q
2 to 4	16,465	568	231	158	Q	531	351
5 to 9	8,148	341	Q	Q	Q	269	Q
10 to 19	8,168	123	Q	324	Q	Q	Q
20 to 49	8,058	Q	Q	514	142	242	Q
50 to 99	4,378	Q	N	894	253	Q	Q
100 or more	7,547	N	N	3,312	1,855	Q	Q
Food preparation or serving areas in non-food service buildings (more than one may apply)
Snack bar or concession stand	9,884	N	357	934	913	Q	Q
Fast food or small restaurant	9,787	N	272	1,319	431	Q	Q
Cafeteria or large restaurant	15,222	N	Q	1,842	1,906	Q	Q
Commercial kitchen/ food preparation area	16,150	N	447	2,954	1,701	Q	401
Small kitchen area	14,054	N	189	1,912	667	302	403
Separate computer areas (more than one may apply)
Data center or server farm	11,105	Q	N	600	1,478	Q	Q
Computer-based training room	17,723	Q	Q	639	1,503	251	Q
Student or public computer center	14,341	Q	Q	1,443	817	Q	Q
HVAC conservation features (more than one may apply)
Economizer cycle	30,749	299	Q	2,035	1,856	798	573
Regular HVAC maintenance	69,244	1,313	954	5,035	2,368	1,557	1,280
Building automation system (BAS)²	37,051	256	456	2,249	2,201	850	618
Window and interior lighting features (more than one may apply)
Multipaned windows	60,362	1,209	856	4,598	2,180	1,493	1,064
Tinted window glass	45,025	655	414	2,424	1,774	1,090	793
Reflective window glass	15,908	200	Q	835	1,052	394	Q
External overhangs or awnings	32,188	967	631	2,121	1,092	577	337
Skylights or atriums	22,261	130	Q	1,307	1,220	300	Q
Light scheduling	30,263	383	642	2,101	1,029	566	465
Occupancy sensors	35,871	276	318	2,112	1,744	545	684
Multi-level lighting or dimming	14,534	360	Q	1,413	826	Q	Q
Daylight harvesting	6,114	Q	Q	Q	350	Q	Q
Demand responsive lighting	4,738	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting²	12,068	Q	Q	319	327	Q	Q
Equipment usage reduced when building not in full use (more than one may apply)
Heating	63,167	1,411	670	2,870	1,238	1,314	711
Cooling	62,516	1,386	604	3,023	1,228	1,342	780
Lighting	78,594	1,734	943	4,838	2,076	1,777	1,314

¹These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). ²In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS). Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. N = No cases in reporting sample. Notes: • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/ Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.