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State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Table CT5. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 1960-2021, United States

Table CT5. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 1960-2021, United States






Year



Coal


Natural
Gas a
Petroleum
Hydro-
electric
Power e,f
Biomass





Geothermal f



Solar f,h



Electricity i





End
Use f,j



Electrical
System
Energy
Losses k






Total f,j
Distillate
Fuel Oil

HGL b

Kerosene
Motor
Gasoline c
Residual
Fuel Oil

Total d


Wood
and
Waste f,g
Million Short
Tons
Billion
Cubic Feet

Million Barrels

Billion kWh

Billion kWh
1960 17 1,020 85 21 8 13 89 216 NA – – – – NA 159 – – – – – –
1961 15 1,077 87 22 8 13 90 220 NA – – – – NA 168 – – – – – –
1962 15 1,207 90 24 8 14 90 226 NA – – – – NA 182 – – – – – –
1963 13 1,268 90 25 8 14 87 224 NA – – – – NA 202 – – – – – –
1964 11 1,375 87 27 8 14 86 223 NA – – – – NA 216 – – – – – –
1965 11 1,444 92 27 9 15 103 245 NA – – – – NA 231 – – – – – –
1966 11 1,623 91 28 11 15 109 253 NA – – – – NA 252 – – – – – –
1967 10 1,959 95 30 8 16 114 263 NA – – – – NA 271 – – – – – –
1968 9 2,076 98 33 11 16 112 269 NA – – – – NA 297 – – – – – –
1969 8 2,253 98 37 11 16 111 274 NA – – – – NA 325 – – – – – –
1970 7 2,399 101 37 11 16 114 279 NA – – – – NA 352 – – – – – –
1971 8 2,509 102 38 10 16 107 272 NA – – – – NA 377 – – – – – –
1972 7 2,608 108 40 10 17 103 277 NA – – – – NA 413 – – – – – –
1973 7 2,597 110 38 11 17 106 283 NA – – – – NA 445 – – – – – –
1974 8 2,556 102 35 10 16 94 257 NA – – – – NA 440 – – – – – –
1975 7 2,508 101 34 9 17 78 238 NA – – – – NA 468 – – – – – –
1976 6 2,668 113 35 8 18 90 264 NA – – – – NA 492 – – – – – –
1977 6 2,501 116 35 9 19 94 273 NA – – – – NA 514 – – – – – –
1978 7 2,601 114 34 10 20 85 263 NA – – – – NA 531 – – – – – –
1979 7 2,786 100 25 14 20 80 239 NA – – – – NA 543 – – – – – –
1980 5 2,611 89 23 7 20 90 229 NA – – – – NA 559 – – – – – –
1981 6 2,520 78 23 12 17 66 197 NA – – – – NA 596 – – – – – –
1982 7 2,606 75 21 5 17 63 182 NA – – – – NA 609 – – – – – –
1983 7 2,433 112 25 20 19 33 209 NA – – – – NA 620 – – – – – –
1984 7 2,524 126 22 6 20 42 217 NA – – – – NA 664 – – – – – –
1985 6 2,432 108 25 6 18 36 193 NA – – – – NA 689 – – – – – –
1986 6 2,318 107 24 9 20 46 206 NA – – – – NA 715 – – – – – –
1987 5 2,430 104 26 9 21 42 202 NA – – – – NA 744 – – – – – –
1988 6 2,670 103 26 5 21 42 196 NA – – – – NA 784 – – – – – –
1989 5 2,718 98 29 5 19 36 188 (s) – – – – (s) 811 – – – – – –
1990 5 2,623 92 27 2 21 37 178 (s) – – – – (s) 838 – – – – – –
1991 5 2,729 89 28 2 16 34 169 (s) – – – – (s) 855 – – – – – –
1992 5 2,803 87 28 2 15 30 162 (s) – – – – (s) 850 – – – – – –
1993 5 2,862 85 28 2 6 27 149 (s) – – – – (s) 885 – – – – – –
1994 5 2,895 86 28 3 5 27 150 (s) – – – – (s) 913 – – – – – –
1995 5 3,031 82 28 4 3 23 140 (s) – – – – (s) 953 – – – – – –
1996 5 3,158 83 32 4 5 22 145 (s) – – – – (s) 980 – – – – – –
1997 6 3,215 76 31 4 8 18 138 (s) – – – – (s) 1,027 – – – – – –
1998 4 2,999 74 31 5 7 14 131 (s) – – – – (s) 1,078 – – – – – –
1999 4 3,045 75 37 5 5 12 134 (s) – – – – (s) 1,104 – – – – – –
2000 4 3,182 84 39 5 9 15 152 (s) – – – – (s) 1,159 – – – – – –
2001 4 3,023 87 37 6 7 11 148 (s) – – – – (s) 1,191 – – – – – –
2002 4 3,144 76 37 3 9 13 137 (s) – – – – (s) 1,205 – – – – – –
2003 4 3,179 85 41 3 12 18 159 (s) – – – – (s) 1,199 – – – – – –
2004 5 3,129 81 40 4 9 19 152 (s) – – – – (s) 1,230 – – – – – –
2005 4 2,999 77 34 4 9 18 142 (s) – – – – (s) 1,275 – – – – – –
2006 3 2,832 69 32 3 9 12 125 (s) – – – – (s) 1,300 – – – – – –
2007 3 3,013 66 32 2 12 12 123 (s) – – – – (s) 1,336 – – – – – –
2008 4 3,153 66 41 1 9 11 128 (s) – – – – 1 1,336 – – – – – –
2009 3 3,119 68 36 1 10 11 127 (s) – – – – 1 1,307 – – – – – –
2010 3 3,103 68 36 1 10 10 125 (s) – – – – 1 1,330 – – – – – –
2011 3 3,155 68 37 1 9 9 123 (s) – – – – 2 1,328 – – – – – –
2012 2 2,895 62 35 (s) 8 5 110 (s) – – – – 3 [R ] 1,327 – – – – – –
2013 2 3,295 59 39 (s) 8 4 111 (s) – – – – 4 1,337 – – – – – –
2014 2 3,466 62 42 (s) 11 1 116 (s) – – – – 6 1,352 – – – – – –
2015 2 3,202 62 39 (s) 74 1 176 (s) – – – – 6 1,361 – – – – – –
2016 1 3,110 56 39 (s) 74 1 171 (s) – – – – 7 1,367 – – – – – –
2017 1 3,165 56 41 (s) 71 1 169 (s) – – – – 8 1,353 – – – – – –
2018 1 3,514 56 46 (s) 72 (s) 175 (s) – – – – 10 1,382 – – – – – –
2019 1 3,515 57 47 (s) 73 (s) 178 (s) – – – – 12 1,361 – – – – – –
2020 1 3,170 48 52 (s) 73 (s) 174 (s) – – – – 13 1,287 – – – – – –
2021 1 3,298 57 56 (s) 74 1 188 (s) – – – – 16 1,328 – – – – – –
Trillion Btu
1960 402 1,056 494 81 48 67 559 1,248 NA 12 NA NA 543 3,261 1,344 4,605
1961 366 1,115 504 83 47 69 565 1,269 NA 11 NA NA 572 3,332 1,391 4,723
1962 358 1,249 526 90 45 72 569 1,303 NA 11 NA NA 621 3,541 1,492 5,032
1963 314 1,302 523 97 46 73 548 1,287 NA 10 NA NA 688 3,600 1,644 5,244
1964 272 1,412 509 102 47 74 542 1,275 NA 9 NA NA 738 3,706 1,754 5,460
1965 263 1,483 534 103 54 77 645 1,413 NA 9 NA NA 789 3,956 1,884 5,840
1966 260 1,669 529 107 60 79 687 1,461 NA 9 NA NA 859 4,258 2,061 6,319
1967 223 2,015 552 115 46 83 717 1,512 NA 8 NA NA 925 4,684 2,212 6,895
1968 205 2,134 574 125 60 83 702 1,544 NA 8 NA NA 1,014 4,906 2,421 7,327
1969 193 2,316 573 144 61 84 698 1,560 NA 8 NA NA 1,108 5,184 2,644 7,828
1970 163 2,455 587 143 61 86 714 1,592 NA 8 NA NA 1,201 5,418 2,908 8,326
1971 178 2,569 595 145 55 84 672 1,551 NA 7 NA NA 1,288 5,593 3,108 8,701
1972 153 2,674 632 154 55 87 645 1,573 NA 7 NA NA 1,408 5,815 3,374 9,188
1973 160 2,660 644 147 65 87 665 1,607 NA 7 NA NA 1,517 5,950 3,603 9,553
1974 174 2,614 596 134 55 83 593 1,461 NA 7 NA NA 1,501 5,757 3,634 9,391
1975 146 2,556 587 130 49 89 492 1,346 NA 8 NA NA 1,598 5,654 3,835 9,489
1976 144 2,717 656 136 44 97 567 1,500 NA 9 NA NA 1,678 6,048 4,018 10,066
1977 148 2,547 676 135 52 101 588 1,552 NA 10 NA NA 1,754 6,011 4,195 10,206
1978 165 2,642 666 131 55 107 532 1,490 NA 12 NA NA 1,813 6,122 4,393 10,515
1979 151 2,834 584 95 78 104 505 1,367 NA 14 NA NA 1,854 6,220 4,431 10,650
1980 117 2,666 518 88 41 107 565 1,318 NA 21 NA NA 1,906 5,994 4,582 10,576
1981 137 2,578 457 87 69 92 417 1,122 NA 21 NA NA 2,033 5,852 4,763 10,615
1982 155 2,671 440 81 30 88 399 1,037 NA 22 NA NA 2,077 5,928 4,912 10,840
1983 162 2,505 651 97 111 102 208 1,170 NA 22 NA NA 2,116 5,945 4,978 10,923
1984 169 2,594 735 83 36 107 266 1,227 NA 22 NA NA 2,264 6,250 5,167 11,417
1985 138 2,503 631 95 33 96 228 1,083 NA 24 NA NA 2,351 6,068 5,388 11,456
1986 136 2,383 623 93 50 106 290 1,163 NA 27 NA NA 2,439 6,118 5,474 11,591
1987 127 2,499 607 102 49 111 263 1,131 NA 29 NA NA 2,539 6,300 5,621 11,921
1988 131 2,744 600 99 26 110 264 1,100 NA 32 NA NA 2,675 6,656 5,924 12,581
1989 115 2,800 574 110 28 102 228 1,041 1 98 3 (s) 2,767 6,797 6,389 13,186
1990 124 2,698 536 102 12 111 230 991 1 94 3 (s) 2,860 6,741 6,593 13,334
1991 115 2,807 517 108 12 85 212 935 1 95 3 (s) 2,918 6,848 6,668 13,516
1992 117 2,883 507 107 11 80 189 894 1 104 3 (s) 2,900 6,876 6,585 13,461
1993 117 2,944 493 109 14 29 173 819 1 109 3 (s) 3,019 6,984 6,857 13,841
1994 117 2,978 501 107 19 25 172 825 1 106 4 (s) 3,116 7,121 6,986 14,107
1995 116 3,117 478 109 22 18 141 769 1 113 5 (s) 3,252 7,347 7,366 14,712
1996 120 3,251 483 123 21 27 137 790 1 129 5 (s) 3,344 7,614 7,584 15,198
1997 129 3,306 443 120 25 43 111 743 1 131 6 (s) 3,503 7,795 7,925 15,721
1998 101 3,098 428 118 31 39 85 702 1 118 7 (s) 3,678 7,683 8,328 16,011 [R ]
1999 102 3,132 438 140 27 28 73 707 1 121 7 R (s) 3,766 7,815 8,604 16,419
2000 86 3,261 490 151 30 44 92 807 1 119 8 1 3,956 8,217 8,980 17,197 [R ]
2001 88 3,109 508 143 31 37 70 790 1 91 8 1 4,063 8,131 9,029 17,160
2002 88 3,223 444 141 16 45 80 726 (s) 95 9 1 4,110 8,235 9,133 17,368
2003 83 3,271 496 157 19 60 111 842 1 100 11 1 4,090 8,384 8,972 17,356 [R ]
2004 103 3,211 470 152 20 45 122 810 1 105 12 1 4,198 8,426 [R ] 9,239 17,665
2005 96 3,083 447 132 22 46 116 762 1 104 14 2 4,351 8,397 [R ] 9,443 17,840
2006 64 2,908 400 123 15 48 75 662 1 101 14 2 [R ] 4,435 8,174 9,527 17,701
2007 70 3,095 381 122 9 60 75 648 1 101 14 3 [R ] 4,560 8,480 9,730 18,209 [R ]
2008 80 3,235 384 158 4 45 71 663 1 107 15 5 [R ] 4,559 8,652 [R ] 9,698 18,350 [R ]
2009 73 3,199 395 139 4 52 71 661 1 109 17 7 [R ] 4,459 8,511 [R ] 9,337 17,849 [R ]
2010 70 3,173 391 140 5 52 62 650 1 108 19 11 [R ] 4,539 8,555 [R ] 9,460 18,015 [R ]
2011 62 3,226 391 143 3 44 54 635 (s) 112 20 19 [R ] 4,531 8,592 [R ] 9,345 17,937 [R ]
2012 44 2,968 355 136 1 39 31 562 (s) 106 20 31 [R ] 4,528 8,247 [R ] 9,113 17,360 [R ]
2013 41 3,391 343 152 1 40 24 560 (s) 117 20 42 4,562 8,723 [R ] 9,157 17,880 [R ]
2014 40 3,584 356 160 2 54 8 581 (s) 123 20 52 4,614 9,002 9,206 18,208
2015 31 3,327 359 148 1 376 4 889 (s) 126 20 57 4,643 9,082 9,028 18,110
2016 24 3,235 325 150 2 375 4 857 2 132 20 62 4,665 8,985 9,005 17,991
2017 21 3,291 322 156 1 361 4 844 2 131 20 76 4,616 8,989 8,875 17,864 [R ]
2018 19 3,655 322 176 1 366 3 869 2 131 20 94 4,715 9,493 8,926 [R ] 18,419 [R ]
2019 17 3,661 327 182 2 369 2 882 2 123 20 [R ] 103 4,643 9,441 [R ] 8,545 [R ] 17,986 [R ]
2020 14 3,303 [R ] 276 201 2 371 2 852 2 121 20 [R ] 118 4,393 8,814 [R ] 7,922 [R ] 16,735 [R ]
2021 15 3,434 328 217 1 375 3 924 2 122 20 139 4,533 9,179 8,244 17,423
aIncludes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas. iElectricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service
providers.
bHydrocarbon gas liquids, assumed to be propane only. jBeginning in 1980, adjusted for the double-counting of supplemental gaseous fuels, which are included in both natural
gas and the other fossil fuels from which they are mostly derived, but should be counted only once in End Use and Total.
For 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column.
Beginning in 2009, includes a small amount of wind energy consumed by commercial utility-scale facilities.
cBeginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. There is a discontinuity in this time series
between 2014 and 2015 because of coverage. See Technical Notes, Section 4.
kIncurred in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity plus plant use and unaccounted for electrical
system energy losses. Pre-1990 estimates are not comparable to those for later years. See Section 6 of Technical Notes
for an explanation of changes in methodology.
dIncludes small amounts of petroleum coke not shown separately. kWh = Kilowatthours. – – = Not applicable. NA = Not available.
eConventional hydroelectric power. For 1960 through 1989, includes hydroelectric pumped-storage, which cannot be
separately identified.
Where shown, R = Revised data and (s) = Value less than 0.5.
fThere is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of renewable energy
sources beginning in 1989.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The commercial sector includes
commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. · The continuity of these data series
estimates may be affected by changing data sources and estimation methodologies. See the Technical Notes for each type
of energy.
gWood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste. Web Page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.
hSolar thermal and photovoltaic energy. Excludes a small amount of solar thermal energy consumed as heat that is
included in the residential sector.
Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See Technical Notes.
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/