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State Profile and Energy Estimates

Changes to the State Energy Data System (SEDS) Notice: In October 2023, we updated the way we calculate primary energy consumption of electricity generation from noncombustible renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal). Visit our Changes to 1960—2022 conversion factor for renewable energy page to learn more.

Table ET4. Commercial Sector Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates, 1970-2021, United States

Table ET4. Commercial Sector Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates, 1970-2021, United States







Year
Primary Energy




Electricity i




Total
Energy f,g,h



Coal


Natural
Gas a
Petroleum Biomass


Total f,g,h
Distillate
Fuel Oil

HGL b

Kerosene
Motor
Gasoline c
Residual
Fuel Oil

Total d
Wood and
Waste e,f
Prices in Dollars per Million Btu
1970 0.44 0.75 1.10 1.24 0.77 2.86 0.45 0.90 0.66 0.80 6.09 1.97
1971 0.48 0.80 1.16 1.29 0.81 2.91 0.61 1.02 0.69 0.87 6.44 2.15
1972 0.51 0.86 1.16 1.30 0.80 2.90 0.65 1.05 0.69 0.91 6.71 2.32
1973 0.52 0.91 1.37 1.40 0.96 3.11 0.78 1.20 0.80 1.00 7.06 2.55
1974 1.00 1.05 2.29 2.44 2.16 4.34 1.89 2.25 1.24 1.46 8.91 3.40
1975 1.31 1.32 2.42 2.53 2.32 4.66 1.91 2.39 1.31 1.68 10.11 4.06
1976 1.23 1.61 2.61 2.77 2.67 4.85 1.87 2.49 1.39 1.90 10.82 4.38
1977 1.30 2.00 2.98 3.17 2.96 5.15 2.20 2.84 1.57 2.28 11.99 5.12
1978 1.39 2.20 3.11 3.36 3.15 5.30 2.06 2.92 1.64 2.42 12.78 5.49
1979 1.46 2.69 4.56 3.93 4.54 7.15 3.01 4.14 2.35 3.10 13.72 6.27
1980 1.53 3.32 6.45 4.96 6.46 9.77 4.12 5.62 3.10 4.01 16.06 7.83
1981 1.79 3.91 7.96 5.68 7.48 10.96 5.12 6.95 3.79 4.72 18.44 9.47
1982 1.87 4.70 7.68 6.03 7.31 10.44 4.67 6.62 3.82 5.10 20.11 10.34
1983 1.74 5.43 6.61 6.47 7.10 9.12 4.51 6.49 3.57 5.59 20.57 10.91
1984 1.77 5.40 6.60 6.43 8.03 8.93 4.94 6.48 3.85 5.58 20.89 11.12
1985 1.73 5.34 6.33 8.84 8.18 9.01 4.50 6.46 3.71 5.53 21.30 11.63
1986 1.65 4.94 4.19 8.44 5.21 6.77 2.71 4.44 2.97 4.66 21.10 11.20
1987 1.52 4.64 4.46 7.94 5.11 7.22 3.10 4.75 2.87 4.57 20.44 10.96
1988 1.52 4.51 4.18 8.13 6.11 7.33 2.53 4.50 2.90 4.41 20.34 10.81
1989 1.50 4.61 4.89 7.66 6.01 8.04 2.92 5.09 2.66 4.63 20.77 11.25
1990 1.61 4.70 5.97 8.77 7.31 9.15 3.41 6.04 3.02 4.93 21.20 11.87
1991 1.57 4.69 5.46 9.25 6.67 8.98 2.61 5.59 2.98 4.80 21.73 12.05
1992 1.58 4.75 5.09 8.61 5.96 9.08 2.68 5.37 2.68 4.77 22.15 12.15
1993 1.59 5.08 4.93 8.71 5.64 9.20 2.75 5.14 2.63 4.97 22.40 12.55
1994 1.55 5.35 4.74 8.79 5.94 9.23 2.90 5.05 2.50 5.14 22.35 12.72
1995 1.54 4.94 4.70 8.89 5.55 9.42 3.14 5.14 2.25 4.85 22.29 12.62
1996 1.49 5.26 5.63 10.11 6.40 10.29 3.75 6.18 2.47 5.29 22.17 12.76
1997 1.50 5.67 5.28 10.33 6.18 10.03 3.27 6.10 2.43 5.58 22.03 13.03
1998 1.49 5.38 4.15 9.36 4.88 8.74 2.38 5.10 2.09 5.19 21.48 13.05
1999 1.49 5.22 4.65 9.14 5.33 9.47 2.69 5.56 1.89 5.14 21.01 12.84
2000 1.43 6.54 7.49 11.93 8.87 11.96 4.49 8.27 2.99 6.73 21.52 13.90
2001 1.55 8.32 6.70 12.90 8.38 11.52 4.06 7.89 3.22 8.03 22.99 15.54
2002 1.60 6.49 6.22 10.53 8.14 10.83 4.08 7.15 2.81 6.46 22.81 14.66
2003 1.55 8.07 7.63 12.50 9.80 12.28 5.30 8.60 3.48 7.99 23.54 15.61
2004 1.78 9.19 9.59 14.48 11.41 14.49 5.26 10.17 3.54 9.12 23.95 16.55
2005 2.16 10.98 13.64 16.92 14.96 17.95 7.48 13.56 4.67 11.17 25.40 18.59
2006 2.32 11.60 15.80 18.87 18.73 20.33 8.69 15.95 4.73 12.11 27.72 20.63
2007 2.36 10.99 17.37 20.74 21.13 22.27 9.71 17.61 5.59 11.86 28.27 20.74
2008 3.75 11.89 24.04 24.61 25.61 26.02 13.18 23.15 6.58 13.50 30.06 22.28
2009 4.25 9.70 14.78 19.49 21.92 18.87 9.90 15.61 4.76 10.50 29.77 20.67
2010 3.73 9.20 18.47 21.62 24.43 22.46 12.90 18.97 5.43 10.65 29.87 20.92
2011 3.99 8.79 24.69 25.30 28.40 28.44 17.34 24.48 5.94 11.17 30.00 21.18
2012 4.39 8.03 25.34 19.50 30.06 29.13 18.40 23.80 5.47 10.37 29.57 21.01
2013 4.18 8.06 24.79 19.70 30.05 28.37 17.41 23.34 5.56 10.07 30.07 20.64
2014 4.03 8.80 23.16 21.30 30.65 27.05 15.79 22.91 5.64 10.61 31.48 21.43
2015 4.19 7.80 14.26 12.66 16.85 20.50 8.86 16.61 4.25 9.51 31.18 20.72
2016 4.67 7.20 11.80 12.04 13.43 18.27 6.80 14.65 3.47 8.62 30.58 20.17
2017 5.06 7.80 14.03 15.76 16.82 20.53 8.94 17.10 3.74 9.55 31.25 20.86
2018 5.17 7.70 17.57 16.80 24.61 22.87 11.63 19.63 4.11 9.86 31.27 20.66
2019 5.40 7.55 16.22 13.59 22.84 22.07 11.40 18.12 4.56 9.50 31.29 20.40
2020 6.00 7.47 11.03 12.35 15.52 18.56 8.85 14.62 3.80 8.84 31.04 20.13
2021 5.93 8.74 17.41 19.77 23.12 25.35 13.11 21.17 4.35 11.23 32.87 22.15
Expenditures in Million Dollars
1970 72 1,844 646 177 47 247 323 1,440 1 3,358 7,319 10,678
1971 85 2,060 690 187 45 244 409 1,574 1 3,721 8,301 12,021
1972 78 2,289 733 200 44 253 422 1,653 1 4,021 9,443 13,464
1973 84 2,421 880 205 62 270 519 1,936 1 4,442 10,707 15,149
1974 173 2,741 1,364 329 118 360 1,120 3,290 2 6,206 13,373 19,579
1975 191 3,385 1,423 329 114 415 939 3,219 3 6,799 16,157 22,956
1976 177 4,379 1,713 377 117 470 1,062 3,739 3 8,298 18,148 26,447
1977 192 5,094 2,014 429 154 518 1,296 4,411 4 9,702 21,023 30,725
1978 229 5,812 2,073 442 173 565 1,098 4,350 5 10,396 23,166 33,563
1979 221 7,623 2,663 375 356 747 1,518 5,659 8 13,511 25,433 38,944
1980 179 8,858 3,337 438 262 1,046 2,325 7,409 17 16,463 30,611 47,074
1981 245 10,085 3,641 492 519 1,003 2,138 7,794 20 18,145 37,484 55,629
1982 291 12,565 3,378 489 222 914 1,862 6,865 21 19,743 41,759 61,503
1983 282 13,602 4,304 625 790 934 939 7,592 20 21,499 43,529 65,028
1984 300 14,012 4,855 536 288 957 1,311 7,948 21 22,284 47,304 69,588
1985 238 13,368 3,995 842 268 866 1,025 6,996 22 20,628 50,092 70,719
1986 224 11,770 2,614 786 260 720 786 5,166 20 17,184 51,449 68,633
1987 193 11,601 2,707 807 249 799 814 5,377 21 17,196 51,900 69,096
1988 200 12,377 2,506 808 160 809 666 4,950 24 17,555 54,411 71,966
1989 173 12,908 2,803 839 166 819 666 5,293 68 18,447 57,460 75,907
1990 200 12,681 3,199 898 87 1,018 785 5,986 104 18,976 60,627 79,602
1991 181 13,175 2,823 1,002 81 764 554 5,224 104 18,688 63,407 82,096
1992 185 13,685 2,579 922 66 722 506 4,796 102 18,771 64,233 83,004
1993 185 14,967 2,432 952 79 270 475 4,209 106 19,467 67,626 87,093
1994 181 15,927 2,373 944 116 232 498 4,162 99 20,370 69,637 90,007
1995 179 15,383 2,250 967 123 170 445 3,956 106 19,623 72,481 92,104
1996 179 17,106 2,717 1,239 135 273 515 4,879 127 22,291 74,121 96,411
1997 193 18,755 2,344 1,244 152 428 363 4,531 125 23,603 77,153 100,756
1998 150 16,667 1,778 1,102 152 340 203 3,575 99 20,490 78,999 99,490
1999 152 16,351 2,038 1,283 143 269 197 3,931 104 20,537 79,141 99,679
2000 123 21,339 3,672 1,796 263 532 411 6,674 155 28,291 85,129 113,420
2001 136 25,879 3,404 1,844 263 430 284 6,225 145 32,386 93,402 125,788
2002 141 20,926 2,758 1,485 130 488 326 5,187 146 26,399 93,763 120,162
2003 129 26,411 3,779 1,964 183 735 589 7,249 188 33,976 96,263 130,240
2004 183 29,518 4,506 2,203 234 645 644 8,233 209 38,142 100,546 138,688
2005 207 33,838 6,098 2,226 323 817 866 10,331 259 44,635 110,522 155,157
2006 149 33,736 6,314 2,327 284 984 654 10,563 264 44,712 122,914 167,626
2007 166 34,005 6,620 2,522 194 1,342 732 11,410 308 45,889 128,903 174,793
2008 302 38,476 9,230 3,893 114 1,164 936 15,336 393 54,507 137,036 191,543
2009 311 31,012 5,837 2,709 93 978 705 10,323 288 41,934 132,747 174,681
2010 259 29,184 7,223 3,027 118 1,164 796 12,327 337 42,108 135,554 177,662
2011 246 28,370 9,657 3,605 91 1,252 932 15,537 394 44,548 135,927 180,474
2012 192 23,843 8,988 2,643 36 1,125 578 13,370 391 37,796 133,898 171,695
2013 173 27,318 8,500 2,986 31 1,131 425 13,074 431 40,996 137,188 178,184
2014 163 31,538 8,242 3,418 63 1,456 125 13,304 461 45,467 145,253 190,720
2015 130 25,933 5,125 1,875 23 7,709 35 14,768 358 41,189 144,781 185,970
2016 112 23,278 3,838 1,806 28 6,847 30 12,549 303 36,242 142,642 178,885
2017 105 25,662 4,517 2,454 20 7,408 34 14,433 324 40,524 144,242 184,766
2018 97 28,147 5,663 2,956 33 8,379 36 17,068 355 45,667 147,425 193,092
2019 90 27,644 5,295 2,474 42 8,144 27 15,983 359 44,076 145,280 189,355
2020 87 24,681 [R ] 3,041 2,483 26 6,889 21 12,461 289 37,518 [R ] 136,372 173,891 [R ]
2021 87 29,999 5,711 4,290 33 9,495 41 19,571 337 49,994 149,008 199,002
aIncludes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas. hFor 1981 through 1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included
in the motor gasoline column.
bHydrocarbon gas liquids, assumed to be propane only. iElectricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,
other energy service providers.
cBeginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. There is a discontinuity
in the expenditure series between 2014 and 2015 because of changes in consumption estimates
from the source. See Consumption Technical Notes, Section 4.
Where shown, R = Revised data.
dIncludes small amounts of petroleum coke not shown separately. Notes: Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. ·
The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants.
eWood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste. Web Page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.
fThere is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded
coverage of the use of wood and biomass waste beginning in 1989.
Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See
Technical Notes. http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/
gThere are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, or wind energy.