Distillate Imports Become Critical During Cold Snaps: Relief from Different Locations
Source: EIA, Form EIA-814
Winter 99-00
Winter 00-01
SDistillate imports play a different supply role than gasoline imports.  Generally Eastern Canadian refineries, Hovensa in the Virgin Islands and Venezuela provide a rather steady inflow of product.  In some years, these sources represent most of the imports, but when we get a cold winter, the picture changes dramatically.

SThis slide compares two winters where we have had cold weather surges: the winter of 1999/2000, when we had a brief cold spell and supply pinch, and the winter of 2000/2001, which was a more protracted, tight supply/demand balance.  These two examples illustrate that, with sudden demand surges brought on by cold weather, distillate imports begin to flow from Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Western Europe.  Monthly imports levels can double in these cold winter situations.

SMany of these regions do not have low sulfur fuel specifications yet, so much of the product that arrives during these cold snaps can be high sulfur.