Executive Summary

1 Energy Information Administration, Analysis of Strategies for Reducing Multiple Emissions from Electric Power Plants: Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Dioxide, and Mercury and a Renewable Portfolio Standard, SR/OIAF/2001-03 (Washington, DC, July 2001), web site www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/epp/index.html.

2 Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2001, DOE/EIA-0383(2001) (Washington, DC, December 2000), web site www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo/index.html.

3 Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future, ORNL/CON-476 and LBNL-44029 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, November 2000), web site www.ornl.gov/ORNL/ Energy_Eff/CEFOnep.pdf.

4 At this time, limits on emissions from cogeneration are not represented.

5 For this study, the potential for worldwide technology improvements in oil production was not addressed.

6 CEF estimated the research and development funding, plus program implementation, administrative, and incremental technology investment costs. Comparing those costs with reductions in energy expenditures, CEF concluded there would be a net saving. The present analysis does not estimate the costs of the CEF policies.

7 H. Jacoby, “The Uses and Misuses of Technology Development as a Component of Climate Change Policy,” presentation to the America Council for Capital Formation, Center for Policy Research (October 1998).