Notes and Sources

[30]  Navigant Consulting, Inc., Energy Savings Potential of Solid State Lighting in General Illumination Applications (Washington DC, November 2003), prepared for Building Technologies Program, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, web site http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/PDFs/ SSL%20Energy%20Savi_ntial%20Final.pdf. General research goals are provided in Optoelectronics Industry Development Association, 2002 Update: The Promise of Solid State Lighting for General Illumination (Washington, DC, 2002), web site http://lighting. sandia.gov/lightingdocs/OIDA_SSL_Roadmap_ Summary_2002.pdf. 

[31]  The home would be both an energy consumer and, at certain times, a net energy provider. Over the course of a year, its net energy purchases would be zero or near zero. U.S. Department of Energy, Building America Research is Leading the Way to Zero Energy Homes (Washington, DC, May 2005), web site www.nrel.gov/ docs/fy05osti/37547.pdf.

[32]  Non-grid-connected housing units that derive most or all of their energy from renewable sources exist, but most are in remote areas and not designed for year-round living. 

[33] Partnership for Advancing Housing Technology (PATH), web site www.pathnet.org. 

[34] These are the six high-priority areas for emerging technologies identified in American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Emerging Energy-Saving Technologies and Practices for the Buildings Sector as of 2004, Report Number A042 (Washington, DC, October 2004), web site http://aceee.org/pubs/a042full.pdf. 

[35] G.A. Smook, Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists, 2nd Edition (Vancouver, BC: Angus Wilde Publications, 1992), p. 140. 

[36] Forest Products Industry Technology Alliance, Agenda 2020: 2003 Progress Report (Washington, DC, 2003), p. 5, web site www.agenda2020.org/PDF/2003_ Progress_Report.pdf. 

[37] National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy Research 1978 to 2000 (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001), web site www.nap.edu/catalog/10165.html. 

[38] A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. 

[39] National Nanotechnology Initiative, web site www. nano.gov. 

[40] J. McConnico, “Breakthrough at WFU Nanotechnology Center Aids Quest for Viable Alternative Energy Sources” (Wake Forest University News Service, November 7, 2005), web site www.wfu.edu/ wfunews/2005/110705n.html. 

[41] Y. Chen, J. Au, P. Kazlas, A. Ritenour, H. Gates, and M. McCreary, “Electronic Paper: Flexible Active-Matrix Electronic Ink Display,” Nature, Vol. 423 (May 8, 2003), p. 136. 

[42] M. Brown, “Nano-Bio-Info Pathways to Extreme Energy Efficiency,” Presentation to the American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting (Washington, DC, February 21, 2005), web site www.ornl.gov/sci/eere/aaas/ExtremeEfficiency8. pdf. 

[43] The estimates of “in-place” resources do not take into consideration whether the resources are either technically or economically recoverable. 

[44] M. Kray, “Testimony on Behalf of NuStart Energy Development, LLC, United States Senate, Committee on Environment & Public Works, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change and Nuclear Safety” (May 20, 2004), web site www.nei.org/documents/Testimony_Kray_05-20-04.pdf; and E.W. Merrow, K.E. Phillips, and C.W. Myers, Understanding Cost Growth and Performance Shortfalls in Pioneer Process Plants, R-2569-DOE (Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, September 1981), web site www.rand.org/pubs/ reports/R2569. 

[45] For more details, see Energy Information Administration, “New Reactor Designs,” web site www.eia.doe. gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/analysis/nucenviss2.html. 

[46] See, for example, A. Dixit and R. Pyndick, Investment Under Uncertainty (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001).