[80] G.A. Smook, Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologies, 2nd Edition (Bellingham, WA: Angus Wilde Publications, 1992).

[81] American Forest and Paper Association, Statistics of Paper, Paperboard and Wood Pulp, 41st Edition (Washington, DC, 2004).

[82] American Forest and Paper Association, Statistics of Paper, Paperboard and Wood Pulp, 41st Edition (Washington, DC, 2004).

[83] Note that the output forecasts were disaggregated into the four components of bulk chemicals in previous AEOs. The history and prospects for agricultural chemicals were discussed in Annual Energy Outlook 2004.

[84] American Chemical Council, Guide to the Business of Chemistry 2003, p. 169.

[85] For example, PotashCorp, “The PotashCorp Letter” (June 2003).

[86] For example, see Celanese AG, “Celanese To Source Methanol from Southern Chemical Company” (press release, July 22, 2003).

[123] Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report” (preliminary).

[124] Current tax law includes a 10-percent investment tax credit available to businesses that install a qualifying solar PV system. In addition, commercial PV owners may depreciate their equipment using an accelerated depreciation schedule and a 5-year economic life. The depreciable basis only needs to be reduced by half of the investment tax credit.

[125] See Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2003, DOE/EIA-0384(2003) (Washington, DC, September 2004), Table 10.6 (annual PV shipments, 1989-2002). The approach used to develop the estimate, based on shipment data, provides an upper estimate of the size of the PV stock, including both grid-based and off-grid PV. It will overestimate the size of the stock, because shipments include a substantial number of units that are exported, and each year some of the PV units installed earlier will be retired from service or abandoned.

[126] For further information on the California Energy Commission rebate program, see web site www.energy. ca.gov/renewables/emerging_renewables. html. For a discussion of State renewable energy requirements see T. Petersik, “State Renewable Energy Requirements and Goals: Status Through 2003” (July 2004), web site www. eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/rps/index.html. For information on renewable energy incentives throughout the United States, see the North Carolina Solar Center’s Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy, web site www.dsireusa.org.

[127] The buildings sector technology cases assume that current equipment and building standards are met but do not include feedback effects on energy prices or economic growth.

[128] The high technology case assumptions call for PV costs to decline by 17 percent, fuel cell costs to decline by 29 percent, and costs for microturbines to decline by 13 percent with a doubling of cumulative shipments.