ÿþ<html xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:my="http://localhost/namespace"> <head> <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-16"> <title>Iraq Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis - Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal</title> <meta name="description" content="Iraq Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis - Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal"> <meta name="keywords" content="Iraq Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis - Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <LINK HREF="../cabs.css" TYPE="text/css" REL="StyleSheet"> </head> <body> <table width="670px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:solid 1px #000000"> <tr valign="top"> <td align="left" colspan="2"><img src="../images/PrintHeader.jpg" alt="Country Analysis Briefs Header"><br><span class="cssPrintHeader" style="padding-left:10px;">Iraq<br></span><span class="cssContent">Last Updated: September 2010<p></p></span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img src="../images/Blank.gif" width="125" height="1"></td> <td><img src="../images/Blank.gif" width="545" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img src="../images/Blank.gif" width="125" height="1"></td> <td align="left"><span class="cssHeader1">Background</span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="125" class="cssTakeAway"> Iraq has begun to develop its oil and natural gas reserves after years of sanctions and wars, but will need to develop its infrastructure in order to reach its production potential. </td> <td class="cssContent"> <div><span class="country_region">Iraq</span> was the worlds 12th largest oil producer in 2009, and has the worlds fourth largest proven petroleum reserves after <span class="country_region">Saudi Arabia</span>, <span class="country_region">Canada</span>, and <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iran</span></span>. Just a fraction of <span class="country_region">Iraq</span>s known fields are in development, and <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> may be one of the few places left where vast reserves, proven and unknown, have barely been exploited. <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s energy sector is heavily based upon oil, with approximately 94 percent of its energy needs met with petroleum. In addition, crude oil export revenues accounted for over two-thirds of <a href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pn/2010/pn1034.htm"><span style="font-decoration: underline;color: #auto;">GDP</span></a> in 2009. <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div> <div align="center" title="Map of Iraq" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/iraqmap.gif" alt="Map of Iraq" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div> <p></p> </div> <div>Iraqs oil sector has suffered over the past several decades from sanctions and wars, and its oil infrastructure is in need of modernization and investment. <span style="">As of </span><span style="">June 30</span><span style="">, 20</span><span style="">10</span><span style="">, the </span><span class="country_region"><span class="place"><span style="">United States</span></span></span><span style=""> had allocated</span><span style=""></span><span style="">$2.05 billion to the Iraqi oil and gas sector to begin this modernization, but ended its direct involvement as of the first quarter of 2008. </span><p></p> </div> <div>According to reports by various <span class="country_region">U.S.</span> government agencies, multilateral institutions and other international organizations, long-term <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> reconstruction costs could reach $100 billion or higher. <span style=""></span><span style="">T</span><span style="">he proposed Hydrocarbons Law, which governs oil contracting and regulation</span><span style="">, </span><span style="">has been under review in the Council of Ministers since October 26, 2008</span><span style="">, but has not received final passage</span><span style="">. </span><p></p> </div> <div><span style=""><div align="center" title="Total Energy Consumption in Iraq, by Type 2007" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Total Energy Consumption.gif" alt="Total Energy Consumption in Iraq, by Type 2007" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div></span><p></p> </div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img src="../images/Blank.gif" width="125" height="1"></td> <td align="left"><span class="cssHeader1"> Oil</span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="125" class="cssTakeAway"> Iraq may be one of the few places left where vast oil reserves have been under-exploited.</td> <td class="cssContent"><span class="cssSubheading1">Reserves</span><br><div>According to the Oil and Gas Journal, <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s proven oil reserves are 115 billion barrels, although these statistics have not been revised since 2001 and are largely based on 2-D seismic data from nearly three decades ago. Geologists and consultants have estimated that relatively unexplored territory in the western and southern deserts may contain an estimated additional 45 to 100 billion barrels (bbls) of recoverable oil. Iraqi Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani said that <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> is re-evaluating its estimate of proven oil reserves, and expects to revise them upwards. <p></p> </div> <div>A major challenge to <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s development of the oil sector is that resources are not evenly divided across sectarian-demographic lines. Most known hydrocarbon resources are concentrated in the Shiite areas of the south and the ethnically Kurdish north, with few resources in control of the Sunni minority.<p></p> </div> <div>The majority of the known oil and gas reserves in <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> form a belt that runs along the eastern edge of the country. <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> has 9 fields that are considered super giants (over 5 billion bbls) as well as 22 known giant fields (over 1 billion bbls). According to independent consultants, the cluster of super-giant fields of southeastern <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> forms the largest known concentration of such fields in the world and accounts for 70 to 80 percent of the countrys proven oil reserves. An estimated 20 percent of oil reserves are in the north of <span class="country_region">Iraq</span>, near Kirkuk, <span class="place">Mosul</span> and Khanaqin. Control over rights to reserves is a source of controversy between the ethnic Kurds and other groups in the area.<p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div> <div align="center" title="Distribution of oil reserves" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Distribution of oil reserves.gif" alt="Distribution of oil reserves" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div> <p></p> </div> <div>Source: Iraq Ministry of Oil<p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Production</span><br><div>In 2009, <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s crude oil production averaged 2.4 million barrels per day (bbl/d), about the same as 2008 levels, and below its pre-war production capacity level of 2.8 million bbl/d in 2003. About two-thirds of production comes from the southern fields, with the remainder from the north-central fields near <span class="place">Kirkuk</span>. At present, the majority of Iraqi oil production comes from just three giant fields: North and South Rumaila in southern <span class="country_region">Iraq</span>, and <span class="place">Kirkuk</span>. <p></p> </div> <div>Currently, the Ministry of Oil has central control over oil and gas production and development in all but the Kurdish territory through its three operating entities, the North Oil Company (NOC), the South Oil Company (SOC), and the Missan Oil Company (MOC), which was split off from the South Oil Company in 2008. According to the NOCs website, their concession and jurisdiction extends from the Turkish borders in the north to 32.5 degrees latitude (about 100 miles south of Baghdad), and from Iranian borders in the east to Syrian and Jordanian borders in the west. The companys geographical operation area spans the following governorates: Tamim (Kirkuk), Nineveh, Irbil, <span class="place">Baghdad</span>, Diyala and part of Babil to Hilla and Wasit to Kut. The remainder falls under the jurisdiction of the SOC and MOC, and though smaller in geographical size, includes the majority of proven reserves. MOC's oil fields hold an estimated 30 billion barrels of reserves. They include Amara, Halfaya, Huwaiza, Noor, Rifaee, Dijaila, Kumait and <span class="place">East Rafidain</span>. <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1"><span class="place">Kurdistan</span> Regional Government Issues </span><br><div>The <a href="http://www.krg.org/"><span style="font-decoration: underline;color: #333333;">Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)</span></a>, the official ruling body of a federated region in northern <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> that is predominantly Kurdish, passed its own hydrocarbons law in 2007. Despite the lack of a national Iraqi law governing investment in hydrocarbons, KRG has signed oil production sharing, development and exploration contracts with several foreign firms, and began exporting its own oil briefly. <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Norway</span></span>s DNO and Sinopec/Addax are currently producing, and volumes could be ramped up to 100,000 bbl/d and reach 200,000 bbl/d within a year, according to the KRG natural resources ministry. The KRG ceased oil exports after four months in 2009, but its intention to resume exports has been a source of contention with the national government. The Iraqi Oil Ministry has been adamant that oil produced in the KRG will have to be shipped via SOMO, <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s oil exporting arm.<p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div> <div align="center" title="Iraq's petroleum production and consumption" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Oil Production and Consumption.gif" alt="Iraq's petroleum production and consumption" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div> <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Development Plans</span><br><div><span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> has begun an ambitious development program to develop its oil fields and to increase its oil production. P<span style="">assage of the proposed Hydrocarbons Law, which would provide </span>a legal framework for investment in the hydrocarbon sector, remains a main policy objective. Despite the absence of the Hydrocarbons Law, the Iraqi Ministry of Oil signed 12 long-term contracts between November 2008 and May 2010 with international oil companies to develop 14 oil fields. Under the first phase, companies bid to further develop 6 giant oil fields that were already producing with proven oil reserves of over 43 billion barrels. Phase two contracts were signed to develop oil fields that were already explored but not fully developed or producing commercially. Together, these contracts cover oil fields with proven reserves of over 60 billion barrels, or more than half of <span class="place"><span class="country_region">Iraq</span></span>s current proven oil reserves.<p></p> </div> <div>As a result of these contract awards, <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> expects to boost production by 200,000 bbl/d by the end of 2010, and to increase production capacity by an additional 400,000 bbl/d by the end of 2011. When these fields are fully developed, they will increase total Iraqi production capacity to almost 12 million bbl/d, or 9.6 million bbl/d above current production levels. The contracts call for <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> to reach this production target by 2017.<p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Infrastructure Constraints</span><br><div><span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> faces many challenges in meeting this timetable. One of the most significant is the lack of an outlet for significant increases in crude oil production. Both Iraqi refining and export infrastructure are currently bottlenecks, and need to be upgraded to process much more crude oil. <a href="http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cabs/Iraq/OilExports.html"><span style="">Iraqi oil exports</span></a> are currently running at near full capacity in the south, while export capacity in the north has been restricted by sabotage, and would need to be expanded in any case to export significantly higher volumes.<p></p> </div> <div>Production increases of the scale planned will also require substantial increases in natural gas and/or water injection to maintain oil reservoir pressure and boost oil production. <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> has associated gas that could be used, but it is currently being flared. Another option is to use water for re-injection, and locally available water is currently being used in the south of <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>. However, fresh water is an important commodity in the <span class="place">Middle East</span>, and large amounts of seawater will likely have to be pumped in via pipelines that have yet to be built. ExxonMobil has coordinated initial studies at water injection plans for many of the fields under development. According to their estimate, 10 -15 million bbl/d of seawater could be necessary for <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s expansion plans, at a cost of over $10 billion. <p></p> </div> <div>Furthermore, <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s oil and gas industry is the largest industrial customer of electricity, with over 10 percent of total demand. Large-scale increases in oil production would also require large increases in power generation. However, <span class="country_region">Iraq</span> has struggled to keep up with the demand for power, with shortages common across <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>. Significant upgrades to the electricity sector would be needed to supply additional power.<p></p> </div> <div><span class="country_region">Iraq</span> also plans to sign delineation agreements on shared oil fields with <span class="country_region">Kuwait</span> and <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iran</span></span>. <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> would like to set up joint committees with its neighbors on how to share the oil.<p></p> </div> <div> <div align="center" title="Results of oil field bidding rounds" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Bidding rounds.gif" alt="Results of oil field bidding rounds" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div> <p></p> </div> <div>Source: Special Inspector General for <span class="place"><span class="country_region">Iraq</span></span> Reconstruction<p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Refining</span><br><div>Estimates of Iraqi nameplate refining capacity vary, from 637,500 bbl/d according to the<span style="font-style: italic;"> Oil and Gas Journal</span> to 790,000 bbl/d according to the Special Inspector General for Iraqi Reconstruction. Iraqi refineries have antiquated infrastructure and only half run at utilization rates of 50 percent or more. Despite improvements in recent years, the sector has not been able to meet domestic demand of about 600,000 bbl/d, and the refineries produce too much heavy fuel oil and not enough other refined products. As a result, <span class="place"><span class="country_region"><span style="">Iraq</span></span></span><span style=""> relies on imports for </span><span style="">30 percent of its gasoline and 17 percent of its LPG</span><span style="">. </span><p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div><span style=""><div align="center" title="Existing Refineries in Iraq" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Existing Refineries in Iraq.gif" alt="Existing Refineries in Iraq" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div></span><p></p> </div> <div>Source: <span style="font-style: italic;">Oil and Gas Journal</span>, Special Inspector General for <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> Reconstruction<p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div>To alleviate product shortages, <span class="place"><span class="country_region">Iraq</span></span>s 10-year strategic plan for 2008-2017 set a goal of increasing refining capacity to 1.5 million bbl/d, and is seeking $20 billion in investments to achieve this target. <span class="place"><span class="country_region">Iraq</span></span> has plans for 4 new refineries, as well as plans for expanding the existing Daura and Basrah refineries. <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div><span style=""><div align="center" title="Planned new refineries in Iraq" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 planned refineries.gif" alt="Planned new refineries in Iraq" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div></span><p></p> </div> <div>Source: <span class="place">Middle East</span> Economic Survey<p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img src="../images/Blank.gif" width="125" height="1"></td> <td align="left"><span class="cssHeader1">Oil Exports</span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="125" class="cssTakeAway">Total effective export capacity is 2.5 million bbl/d, far lower than installed capacity because of disruptions, lack of maintenance, and because some facilities have been closed for years and are unlikely to be re-opened.</td> <td class="cssContent"><span class="cssSubheading1">Exports</span><br><div>Iraq exported 1.8 million bbl/d of crude oil in 2009. About 1.5 million bbl/d of this came from Iraqs Persian Gulf ports, with the rest exported via the Iraq-Turkey pipeline in the north. The majority of Iraqi oil exports go to refineries in Asia, especially China, India, and South Korea.<p></p> </div> <div> <div align="center" title="Iraq crude oil exports" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Crude Oil Exports.gif" alt="Iraq crude oil exports" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div> <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Export Pipelines</span><br><span class="cssSubheading1"></span><br><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">To the North</span>: Iraq has one major crude oil export pipeline, the Kirkurk-Ceyhan (Iraq-Turkey) pipeline, which transports oil from the north of Iraq to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan. This pipeline has been subject to repeated disruptions this decade, limiting exports from the northern fields. <span class="country_region">Iraq</span> signed an agreement with <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Turkey</span></span> to extend the operation of the 1.6 million bbl/d pipeline, as well as to upgrade its capacity by 1 million bbl/d.<p></p> </div> <div>In order for this pipeline to reach its design capacity, Iraq would need to receive oil from the south via the Strategic Pipeline, which was designed to allow flows of crude oil from the south of Iraq to go north via Turkey, and vice-versa. Iraq has proposed building a new strategic line from Basra to the northern city of Kirkuk, with the line consisting of two additional crude oil pipelines. <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div><span style="font-weight: bold;">To </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">the </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">W</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">est</span>: The Iraq-Syria-Lebanon Pipeline has been closed and the Iraqi portion reported unusable since the 2003 war in Iraq. Discussions were held between Iraqi and Syrian government officials to re-open the pipeline, which had a design capacity of 700,000 bbl/d, although actual volumes never reached this level. The Russian company Stroytransgaz accepted an offer to fix the pipeline in December 2007, but no follow-up was made. Iraq and Syria have discussed building several new pipelines, including a 1.5 million bbl/d pipeline carrying heavy crude oil, and a 1.25 million bbl/d pipeline for carrying light crudes. <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div><span style="font-weight: bold;">To</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> the </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">S</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">outh</span>: The 1.65 million bbl/d Iraq Pipeline to Saudi Arabia (IPSA) has been closed since 1991 following the Persian Gulf War. There are no plans to reopen this line. <p></p> </div> <div>Iraq has also held discussions to build a crude oil pipeline from Haditha to Jordans port of Aqaba. <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Ports</span><br><div>The Basra Oil Terminal (formerly Mina al-Bakr) on the <span class="place">Persian Gulf</span> has an effective capacity to load 1.3 million bbl/d and support Very Large Crude Carriers. In February 2009, the South Oil Company commissioned Foster Wheeler to carry out the basic engineering design to rehabilitate and expand capacity of the terminal by building four single point mooring systems with a capacity of 800,000 bbl/d each. According to former Minister of Oil Issam al-Chalabi, it would take at least until 2013 to complete the project if financing is found. <p></p> </div> <div>There are five smaller ports on the Persian Gulf, all functioning at less than full capacity, including the Khor al-Amaya terminal. <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Overland Export Routes</span><br><div>Overland routes are used to export limited amounts of crude from small fields bordering <span class="place"><span class="country_region">Syria</span></span>. In addition, <span class="country_region">Iraq</span> has resumed shipping oil to <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Jordan</span></span>s Zarqa refinery by road tankers at a rate of 10,000 bbl/d. <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div> <div align="center" title="Iraq oil infrastructure" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Oil Infrastructure.gif" alt="Iraq oil infrastructure" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div> <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div>Source<span style="font-style: italic;">: Arab Oil and Gas Directory</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">Middle East Economic Survey</span><p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img src="../images/Blank.gif" width="125" height="1"></td> <td align="left"><span class="cssHeader1">Natural Gas</span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="125" class="cssTakeAway"> Iraqs natural gas sector is believed to contain significant untapped resources which the Government of Iraq would like to develop for domestic consumption and export. </td> <td class="cssContent"><span class="cssSubheading1">Reserves</span><br><div>According to the Oil and Gas Journal, <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>s proven natural gas reserves are 112 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), the tenth largest in the world. An estimated 70 percent of these lie in Basra governorate (province) in the south of <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span>. Probable Iraqi reserves have been estimated at 275-300 Tcf, and work is currently underway by several IOCs and independents to accurately update hydrocarbon reserve numbers. Two-thirds of <span class="country_region">Iraq</span>s natural gas resources are associated with oil fields including, Kirkuk, as well as the southern Nahr (Bin) Umar, Majnoon, Halfaya, Nassiriya, the Rumaila fields, <span class="place">West Qurna</span>, and Zubair. Just under 20 percent of known gas reserves are non-associated; around 10 percent is salt dome gas. The majority of non-associated reserves are concentrated in several fields in the North including: Ajil, Bai Hassan, Jambur, Chemchemal, Kor Mor, Khashem al-Ahmar, and al-Mansuriyah. <p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Production</span><br><div>Iraqi natural gas production rose from to 81 billion cubic feet (Bcf) in 2003 to 522 Bcf in 2008. Some is used as fuel for power generation, and some <span style="">is </span><span style="">re-injected to enhance oil recovery.</span><span style=""></span>Over 40 percent of the production in 2008 was flared <span style="">due to a lack of sufficient infrastructure to utilize it for consumption and </span><span style="">export, although</span><span style=""></span>Royal Dutch Shell estimated that flaring losses were even greater at 1 Bcf per day<span style="">. </span><span style="">As a result, </span><span class="country_region"><span class="place"><span style="">Iraq</span></span></span><span style="">s five natural gas processing plants, which can process over 773 billion cubic feet per year, sit mostly idle. </span><p></p> </div> <div><span style="">T</span>o reduce flaring, <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> has been working on an agreement with Royal Dutch Shell to implement a 25-year project to capture flared gas and provide it for domestic use. <span class="country_region">Iraq</span>s cabinet gave preliminary approval for the $17 billion deal covering development of 25  30 Tcf of associated natural gas reserves in <span class="place">Basra</span> province through a new joint venture, Basra Gas Company. The agreement, which originally was to cover all of <span class="place">Basra</span> province, has been modified to include only the associated gas from the Rumaila, Zubair, and West Qurna Phase I projects. Implementation of this agreement is necessary for the new oil development projects to go forward.<p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1">Upstream Development</span><br><div>Iraq has planned an upstream bidding round in late 2010 for three non-associated natural gas fields with combined reserves of over 7.5 Tcf. This will be the third hydrocarbon bidding round conducted by Iraq, following two earlier rounds that were held to develop Iraqs oil fields. All of the companies that prequalified to bid in the two earlier rounds will be invited. <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Iraq</span></span> has committed to purchasing 100 percent of the gas. <p></p> </div> <div>. <p></p> </div> <div> <div align="center" title="Third bid round - natural gas fields" style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><img src="images/2010 Third bid round natural gas.gif" alt="Third bid round - natural gas fields" border="0" style="" class="cabs_graphic"></div> <p></p> </div> <div>Source: Middle East Economic Survey<p></p> </div><span class="cssSubheading1"></span><br><span class="cssSubheading1"></span><br><span class="cssSubheading1">Export Plans</span><br><div>Plans to export natural gas remain controversial due to the amount of idle and sub-optimally-fired electricity generation capacity in Iraq - much a result of a lack of adequate gas feedstock. Prior to the 1990-1991 Gulf War, <span class="country_region">Iraq</span> exported natural gas to <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Kuwait</span></span>. The gas came from Rumaila through a 105-mile, 400-MMcf/d pipeline to <span class="country_region"><span class="place">Kuwait</span></span>'s central processing center at Ahmadi. In 2007, the Ministry of Oil announced an agreement to fund a feasibility study on the revival of the mothballed pipeline. <p></p> </div> <div><span class="country_region">Iraq</span> has eyed northern export routes such as the proposed Nabucco pipeline through <span class="country_region">Turkey</span> to Europe, and in July 2009 Prime Minister Nouri al-Malikie suggested that <span class="country_region">Iraq</span> could be exporting 530 Bcf per year to <span class="place">Europe</span> by 2015. A second option is the Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP) project. The proposed AGP pipeline would <span style="">deliver gas from </span><span class="country_region"><span style="">Iraq</span></span><span style="">s </span><span style="">Akka</span><span style="">s</span><span style=""> field to </span><span class="country_region"><span style="">Syria</span></span><span style=""> and then on to </span><span class="country_region"><span style="">Lebanon</span></span><span style=""></span><span style="">and </span><span style="">the Turkish border sometime in 2010</span><span style="">, and then on to </span><span class="place"><span style="">Europe</span></span><span style="">.</span><span style=""></span><span style="">Other proposals have included building LNG exporting facilities in the </span><span class="place"><span style="">Basra</span></span><span style=""> region. </span><p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> <div> <p></p> </div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><span class="cssHeader1">Profile</span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" class="cssContent"> <table summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" class="cssHeader2">Energy Overview</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Proven Oil Reserves (January 1, 2010E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">115 billion barrels</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Oil Production (2009)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">2.4 million barrels per day, of which 2.4 million barrels per day was crude oil.</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Oil Consumption (2009E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">0.7 million barrels per day</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (2009)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">0.6 million barrels per day</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Proven Natural Gas Reserves (January 1, 2010E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">112 trillion cubic feet</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Natural Gas Production (2008E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">66 billion cubic feet</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Natural Gas Consumption (2008E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">66 billion cubic feet</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Recoverable Coal Reserves (2008E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">0</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Coal Production (2008E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">0</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Coal Consumption (2008E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">0</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Electricity Installed Capacity (2007E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">8.5 gigawatts</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Electricity Production (2007E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">31 billion kilowatt hours</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Electricity Consumption (2007E)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">30 billion kilowatt hours</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Total Energy Consumption (2007)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">1.2 quadrillion Btus*, of which Natural Gas (4%), Oil (96%), Hydroelectricity (&lt;1%), Coal (0%)</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Total Per Capita Energy Consumption (2007)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">45.0 million Btus</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Energy Intensity (2007)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">14,030 Btu per $2005-PPP**</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" style="height:10px"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" class="cssHeader2">Environmental Overview</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2008)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">101 million metric tons, almost all of which are from oil</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Per-Capita, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2008)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">3.6 metric tons</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Carbon Dioxide Intensity (2008)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">1.0 Metric tons per thousand $2005-PPP**</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" style="height:10px"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" class="cssHeader2">Oil and Gas Industry</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Organization</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">National hydrocarbons draft law currently in negotiation; will set governance of sector. The North Oil Company (NOC), South Oil Company (SOC), and the Missan Oil Company (MOC) are the three main upstream oil companies, with the North Gas Company (NGC), the South Gas Company (SGC), and the recently formed Basra Gas Company the equivalents on the natural gas side. </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Major Oil/Gas Ports</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">Al-Basra, Khor al-Amaya, Khor az- Zubair, Um Qasr, Abu Fulus </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Major Oil Fields </td> <td class="cssProfileRight">Rumaila, Majnoon,West Qurna, Kirkuk, Zubair, Halfaya, Missan, Bai Hassan</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRow"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Major Natural Gas Fields</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">Mansouriya, Akkaz</td> </tr> <tr valign="top" class="cssProfileRowAlt"> <td class="cssProfileLeft">Major Refineries (capacity, bbl/d)</td> <td class="cssProfileRight">Baiji (310,000), Basrah (150,000), Daura (110,000), Erbil (40,000)</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" style="height:10px"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="cssSmallNote"> * The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power.<br> **GDP figures from Global Insight estimates based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates. </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><span class="cssHeader1"> Links </span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" class="cssContent"><span class="cssHeader2">EIA Links</span><br><a href="http://www.eia.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=IZ" target="_newWin">EIA  Iraq Country Energy Profile</a><br><a href="http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cabs/opec.html" target="_newWin">EIA  OPEC Revenues Fact Sheet</a><br><a href="" target="_newWin"></a><br><p></p><span class="cssHeader2">U.S. Government</span><br><a href="https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/iz.html" target="_newWin">CIA World Factbook - Iraq </a><br><a href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/iqtoc.html" target="_newWin">Library of Congress Country Study on Iraq (1998) </a><br><a href="http://www.sigir.mil/" target="_newWin">Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction</a><br><a href="http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/" target="_newWin">U.S. Aid for International Development  Iraq (USAID)</a><br><a href="http://www.grd.usace.army.mil/" target="_newWin">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers  Gulf Regional Division</a><br><a href="http://www.buyusa.gov/iraq/en/" target="_newWin">U.S Commercial Service  Iraq</a><br><a href="http://www.export.gov/iraq/" target="_newWin">U.S. Department of Commerce Iraq Reconstruction </a><br><a href="http://www.gao.gov/docsearch/featured/oif.html" target="_newWin">U.S. Government Accountability Office: Iraq Reconstruction</a><br><a href="http://iraq.usembassy.gov/" target="_newWin">U.S. Embassy in Baghdad</a><br><a href="http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/rpt/c34687.htm" target="_newWin">U.S. State Department Iraq Status Report</a><br><a href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/6804.htm" target="_newWin">U.S. State Department's Background Note- Iraq</a><br><a href="http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1144.html" target="_newWin">U.S. State Department Consular Information Sheet  Iraq</a><br><a href="http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_921.html" target="_newWin">U.S State Department Travel Information Sheet  Iraq</a><br><p></p><span class="cssHeader2">Other Links</span><br><a href="http://www.academicinfo.net/iraqus.html" target="_newWin">AcademicInfo  US Government Resources on Iraq</a><br><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/791014.stm" target="_newWin">BBC: Iraq Country Profile</a><br><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2002/conflict_with_iraq/default.stm" target="_newWin">BBC: The Struggle for Iraq (News, Special Report)</a><br><a href="http://www.economist.com/countries/Iraq/" target="_newWin">The Economist: Iraq</a><br><a href="http://www.iraqigovernment.org/" target="_newWin">Government of Iraq</a><br><a href="http://www.imf.org/external/country/IRQ/index.htm" target="_newWin">IMF Country Information Page  Iraq </a><br><a href="http://www.arab.net/iraq/" target="_newWin">Information on Iraq from ArabNet </a><br><a href="http://www.iraqdaily.com/" target="_newWin">Iraq Daily</a><br><a href="http://www.mofa.gov.iq/index.aspx" target="_newWin">Iraq Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a><br><a href="http://www.oil.gov.iq/" target="_newWin">Iraq Ministry of Oil </a><br><a href="http://www.mop-iraq.org/mopdc/" target="_newWin">Iraq Ministry of Planning</a><br><a href="http://www.iags.org/iraqpipelinewatch.htm" target="_newWin">Iraq Pipeline Watch</a><br><a href="http://iraqiembassy.us/" target="_newWin">Iraq Embassy in the United States </a><br><a href="http://www.krg.org/" target="_newWin">Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)</a><br><a href="http://www.uniraq.org/" target="_newWin">United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)</a><br><a href="http://www.un.org/Depts/oip/" target="_newWin">United Nations Office of the Iraq Programme  Oil for Food</a><br><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/iraq/" target="_newWin">Washington Post: War in Iraq page</a><br><a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/iraq.html" target="_newWin">Perry-Castaneda Map Collection</a><br><a href="http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Sa.nsf/luFullMap/32522F4A39721DC685256CCB007419B2/$File/govusa_iraqoil120203.pdf?OpenElement" target="_newWin">Relief Web Map</a><br><a href="http://www.uniraq.org/library/maps_thematic.asp" target="_newWin">United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)</a><br><a href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/mapImages/41f15dc3ed8cd.pdf" target="_newWin">Washington Institute (Oil Fields)</a><br><p></p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><span class="cssHeader1">Sources</span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" class="cssContent"> Agence France Presse <br> AME Info <br> APS Review Oil Market Trends <br> Argus Media Ltd <br> Associated Press <br> BBC Summary of World Broadcasts <br> British Petroleum <br> Business Week <br> CIA World Factbook <br> COMTEX <br> Deutsche Bank <br> Dow Jones News Service <br> Economist <br> Economist Intelligence Unit <br> Energy Compass <br> Energy Intelligence Briefing <br> ENI Petroleum <br> Eurasia Group <br> Factiva <br> Financial Times <br> Foreign Broadcast Information Service <br> GEPS Reports <br> Global Insight <br> Government of Iraq Ministry of Electricity <br> Government of Iraq Ministry of Finance <br> Government of Iraq Ministry of Oil <br> Government of the Autonomous Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) <br> Gulf News <br> Hart's Africa Oil and Gas <br> Heartland <br> Heritage Foundation <br> Interfax News Agency <br> Jordan Times <br> Los Angeles Times <br> International Herald Tribune <br> International Energy Agency (IEA) <br> International Monetary Fund (IMF) <br> International Oil Daily <br> Middle East Business Intelligence <br> Middle East Economic Digest (MEED) <br> Middle East Economic Survey (MEES) <br> Nefte Compass <br> New York Times <br> Oil Daily <br> Oil and Gas Journal <br> Petroleum Economist <br> Petroleum Intelligence Weekly <br> Petroleum Finance Company <br> Platt's Oilgram News <br> Reuters <br> Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR) <br> Sunday Business Post <br> U.N. Office of the Iraq Programme <br> U.N. Development Programme <br> U.S. Aid for International Development (USAID) <br> U.S. Army Corps of Engineers  Gulf Region Division (GRD) <br> U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) <br> U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) <br> U.S. Iraq Management and Reconstruction Office (IRMO) <br> U.S. Iraq Transition Assistance Office (ITAO) <br> USGS Minerals Yearbook 2005 <br> Voice of America <br> Wall Street Journal <br> Washington Post <br> Weekly Petroleum Argus <br> World Bank <br></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><span class="cssHeader1">Contact Info</span></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" class="cssContent">cabs@eia.gov<br>(202) 586-8800<br><a href="mailto:cabs@eia.gov">cabs@eia.gov</a></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>