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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)
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Table C37. Total district heat consumption and expenditures, 2012
Released: May 2016
| All buildings using district heat |
District heat consumption | District heat expenditures |
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| Number of buildings (thousand) | Total floorspace (million square feet) |
Floorspace per building (thousand square feet) |
Total (trillion Btu) |
Total (million dollars) |
|
| All buildings | 48 | 5,964 | 124.9 | 341 | 6,675 |
| Building floorspace (square feet) | |||||
| 1,001 to 25,000 | 16 | 169 | 10.7 | 13 | 272 |
| 25,001 to 50,000 | 6 | 213 | 36.8 | 17 | 320 |
| 50,001 to 100,000 | 10 | 704 | 68.2 | 52 | 870 |
| 100,001 to 200,000 | 9 | 1,313 | 146.7 | 77 | 1,678 |
| 200,001 to 500,000 | 5 | 1,565 | 309.9 | 88 | 1,683 |
| Over 500,000 | 2 | 2,001 | 1054.3 | 94 | 1,852 |
| Principal building activity | |||||
| Education | 12 | 1,155 | 92.8 | 65 | 1,068 |
| Food sales | N | N | N | N | N |
| Food service | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Health care | 2 | 684 | 333.6 | 68 | 1,225 |
| Inpatient | 1 | 576 | 458.0 | 62 | 1,136 |
| Outpatient | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Lodging | 4 | 630 | 156.5 | 31 | 667 |
| Mercantile | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Retail (other than mall) | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Enclosed and strip malls | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Office | 12 | 1,794 | 144.9 | 76 | 1,787 |
| Public assembly | 7 | 888 | 132.5 | 64 | 1,106 |
| Public order and safety | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Religious worship | N | N | N | N | N |
| Service | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Warehouse and storage | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Other | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Vacant | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Year constructed | |||||
| Before 1920 | 5 | 540 | 106.8 | 25 | 523 |
| 1920 to 1945 | 7 | 888 | 122.7 | 40 | 898 |
| 1946 to 1959 | 5 | 446 | 89.7 | 29 | 538 |
| 1960 to 1969 | 9 | 1,002 | 111.9 | 66 | 1,185 |
| 1970 to 1979 | 10 | 930 | 96.1 | 73 | 1,655 |
| 1980 to 1989 | 2 | 449 | 257.8 | 17 | 321 |
| 1990 to 1999 | 3 | 642 | 218.8 | 23 | 420 |
| 2000 to 2003 | 4 | Q | 116.7 | Q | Q |
| 2004 to 2007 | 2 | Q | Q | 23 | Q |
| 2008 to 2012 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Census region and division | |||||
| Northeast | 16 | 1,981 | 127.8 | 119 | 3,049 |
| New England | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Middle Atlantic | 9 | 1,628 | 184.9 | 81 | 2,414 |
| Midwest | 7 | 906 | 134.2 | 58 | 912 |
| East North Central | 3 | 574 | 192.9 | 32 | 461 |
| West North Central | 4 | 332 | 87.9 | Q | Q |
| South | 18 | 2,191 | 119.5 | 119 | 1,960 |
| South Atlantic | 9 | 1,159 | 135.9 | 59 | 1,013 |
| East South Central | Q | Q | 88.1 | Q | Q |
| West South Central | 5 | 646 | 119.2 | Q | 557 |
| West | 7 | 886 | 123.7 | 45 | 753 |
| Mountain | Q | 482 | Q | 23 | Q |
| Pacific | 5 | 404 | 76.1 | 22 | 404 |
| Climate region1 | |||||
| Very cold/Cold | 18 | 1,926 | 109.8 | 137 | 2,271 |
| Mixed-humid | 20 | 3,012 | 147.2 | 152 | 3,589 |
| Mixed-dry/Hot-dry | 4 | Q | 138.1 | Q | Q |
| Hot-humid | Q | 374 | 83.2 | 18 | 319 |
| Marine | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Number of floors | |||||
| One | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Two | 11 | Q | 44.5 | Q | Q |
| Three | 10 | 544 | 56.7 | 47 | 784 |
| Four to nine | 18 | 2,830 | 160.5 | 173 | 2,973 |
| Ten or more | 3 | 1,900 | 564.0 | 77 | 1,834 |
| Number of workers (main shift) | |||||
| Fewer than 5 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| 5 to 9 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| 10 to 19 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| 20 to 49 | 11 | 623 | 56.8 | 43 | 813 |
| 50 to 99 | 7 | 669 | 93.3 | 38 | 585 |
| 100 to 249 | 7 | 1,096 | 159.8 | 67 | 1,040 |
| 250 or more | 7 | 3,082 | 472.6 | 171 | 3,808 |
| Weekly operating hours | |||||
| Fewer than 40 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| 40 to 48 | 7 | 403 | 56.8 | 19 | 369 |
| 49 to 60 | 11 | 1,099 | 95.9 | 50 | 869 |
| 61 to 84 | 9 | 844 | 97.6 | 31 | 607 |
| 85 to 167 | 6 | 631 | 98.3 | 58 | 1,072 |
| Open continuously | 11 | 2,815 | 245.6 | 180 | 3,722 |
| Ownership and occupancy | |||||
| Nongovernment owned | 22 | 3,135 | 145.6 | 168 | 3,244 |
| Owner occupied | 13 | 1,842 | 139.5 | 115 | 1,997 |
| Leased to tenant(s) | Q | 730 | Q | 25 | 649 |
| Owner occupied and leased | 2 | 557 | 237.6 | 27 | 597 |
| Unoccupied | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Government owned | 26 | 2,829 | 107.9 | 173 | 3,431 |
| Federal | 1 | 708 | 647.1 | 27 | 550 |
| State | 18 | 1,538 | 84.0 | 105 | 2,023 |
| Local | 7 | 584 | 85.6 | 41 | 858 |
| Party responsible for operation and maintenance of energy systems |
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| Building owner | 46 | 5,776 | 126.9 | 324 | 6,273 |
| Business owner or tenant | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Property management | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Other | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Provider of direct input on energy- related equipment purchases |
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| Building owner | 46 | 5,733 | 125.8 | 325 | 6,263 |
| Business owner or tenant | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Property management | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Other | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Number of establishments | |||||
| One | 36 | 3,410 | 95.2 | 208 | 3,958 |
| 2 to 5 | 8 | 1,457 | 180.0 | 98 | 1,940 |
| 6 to 10 | Q | 357 | 232.3 | 11 | 267 |
| 11 to 20 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| More than 20 | 1 | 447 | 771.9 | 15 | 315 |
| Currently unoccupied | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Predominant exterior wall material | |||||
| Brick, stone, or stucco | 32 | 3,423 | 107.9 | 203 | 3,569 |
| Concrete (block or poured) | 9 | 1,166 | 134.8 | 56 | 1,506 |
| Concrete panels | 2 | 730 | 321.9 | 38 | 747 |
| Siding or shingles | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Metal panels | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Window glass | Q | 214 | Q | 13 | 199 |
| Other | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| No one major type | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Predominant roof material | |||||
| Metal surfacing | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Synthetic or rubber | 19 | 1,958 | 104.3 | 112 | 2,104 |
| Built-up | 13 | 1,893 | 145.1 | 98 | 2,357 |
| Slate or tile shingles | 6 | Q | 131.9 | Q | 775 |
| Wooden materials (including shingles) |
Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Asphalt, fiberglass, or other shingles |
5 | 552 | 101.9 | 40 | 768 |
| Concrete | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Other | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| No one major type | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Roof characteristics | |||||
| Roof tilt | |||||
| Flat | 34 | 4,172 | 121.6 | 225 | 4,754 |
| Shallow pitch | 7 | 1,120 | 154.6 | 64 | 1,057 |
| Steeper pitch | 6 | 672 | 108.4 | Q | 863 |
| Cool roof | 10 | 1,779 | 177.0 | 94 | 2,187 |
| Renovations in buildings constructed before 2008 (more than one may apply) |
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| Any type of renovation | 27 | 3,993 | 145.7 | 240 | 4,905 |
| Addition or annex | 4 | 1,256 | 286.9 | 91 | 1,725 |
| Reduction in floorspace | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Roof replacement | 12 | 2,021 | 167.3 | 126 | 2,829 |
| Exterior wall replacement | 1 | 369 | 454.4 | 18 | 397 |
| Interior wall reconfiguration | 14 | 2,600 | 186.6 | 157 | 3,075 |
| Window replacement | 6 | 1,447 | 228.7 | 68 | 1,483 |
| HVAC equipment upgrade | 17 | 3,005 | 181.5 | 177 | 3,934 |
| Lighting upgrade | 18 | 3,055 | 168.8 | 180 | 3,279 |
| Electrical upgrade | 11 | 2,051 | 190.6 | 116 | 2,361 |
| Plumbing system upgrade | 8 | 1,724 | 213.5 | 90 | 1,852 |
| Insulation upgrade | 6 | 1,070 | 172.1 | 60 | 1,132 |
| Fire, safety, or security upgrade | 12 | 2,092 | 175.2 | 115 | 2,288 |
| Structural upgrade | Q | 697 | Q | 29 | 528 |
| Other | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| No renovations | 19 | 1,770 | 92.9 | 87 | 1,499 |
| Buildings constructed 2008 or later | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Energy sources (more than one may apply) |
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| Electricity | 48 | 5,964 | 124.9 | 341 | 6,675 |
| Natural gas | 17 | 2,860 | 168.1 | 173 | 3,541 |
| Fuel oil | 10 | 3,110 | 307.5 | 171 | 3,319 |
| District heat | 48 | 5,964 | 124.9 | 341 | 6,675 |
| District chilled water | 26 | 3,730 | 144.5 | 236 | 4,417 |
| Propane | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Other | 1 | 335 | 265.1 | 15 | 259 |
| Space-heating energy sources | |||||
| District heat | 48 | 5,925 | 124.3 | 340 | 6,656 |
| District heat main | 47 | 5,797 | 122.9 | 338 | 6,627 |
| District heat secondary | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Other excluding district heat | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Buildings without heating | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Primary space-heating energy source |
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| Electricity | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Natural gas | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Fuel oil | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| District heat | 47 | 5,797 | 122.9 | 338 | 6,627 |
| Propane | N | N | N | N | N |
| Other | N | N | N | N | N |
| Cooling energy sources | |||||
| District heat | 1 | 251 | 269.9 | 23 | 570 |
| Other excluding district heat | 43 | 5,651 | 131.1 | 314 | 6,064 |
| Buildings without cooling | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Water-heating energy sources | |||||
| District heat | 25 | 4,551 | 179.7 | 279 | 5,437 |
| Other excluding district heat | 19 | 1,271 | 65.7 | 57 | 1,099 |
| Buildings without water heating | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Cooking energy sources | |||||
| District heat | Q | 942 | Q | 77 | 1,706 |
| Other excluding district heat | 10 | 2,212 | 231.1 | 94 | 1,868 |
| Buildings without cooking | 34 | 2,810 | 82.7 | 170 | 3,101 |
| Energy end uses (more than one may apply) |
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| Buildings with space heating | 48 | 5,962 | 124.9 | 341 | 6,673 |
| Buildings with cooling | 44 | 5,903 | 134.0 | 337 | 6,634 |
| Buildings with water heating | 45 | 5,822 | 130.4 | 336 | 6,537 |
| Buildings with cooking | 14 | 3,154 | 228.7 | 171 | 3,574 |
| Buildings with manufacturing | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Buildings with electricity generation |
15 | 3,749 | 248.2 | 208 | 3,879 |
| Percent of floorspace heated | |||||
| Not heated | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| 1 to 50 | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| 51 to 99 | 7 | 1,126 | 168.2 | 39 | 901 |
| 100 | 40 | 4,720 | 117.1 | 300 | 5,758 |
| Heating equipment (more than one may apply) |
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| Heat pumps | 3 | 556 | 210.3 | 27 | 536 |
| Furnaces | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Individual space heaters | 9 | 1,354 | 158.2 | 63 | 1,207 |
| District heat | 48 | 5,925 | 124.3 | 340 | 6,656 |
| Boilers | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Packaged heating units | 3 | 742 | 213.3 | 45 | 865 |
| Other | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q |
| Water-heating equipment | |||||
| Centralized system | 30 | 3,596 | 119.0 | 227 | 4,357 |
| Distributed system | 6 | 501 | 81.9 | 23 | 539 |
| Combination of centralized and distributed system |
8 | 1,725 | 207.5 | 86 | 1,641 |
| Food preparation or serving areas in non-food service buildings (more than one may apply) |
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| Snack bar or concession stand | 3 | 1,613 | 513.4 | 81 | 1,489 |
| Fast food or small restaurant | 2 | 1,195 | 527.7 | 61 | 1,142 |
| Cafeteria or large restaurant | 6 | 1,828 | 319.1 | 105 | 2,269 |
| Commercial kitchen/ food preparation area |
4 | 1,562 | 387.2 | 97 | 2,170 |
| Small kitchen area | 3 | 1,138 | 362.6 | 55 | 1,001 |
| HVAC conservation features (more than one may apply) |
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| Economizer cycle | 23 | 4,090 | 181.3 | 245 | 5,088 |
| Regular HVAC maintenance | 41 | 5,630 | 138.8 | 319 | 6,375 |
| Building automation system (BAS)2 | 30 | 5,006 | 169.0 | 266 | 5,023 |
| Equipment usage reduced when building not in full use (more than one may apply) |
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| Heating | 32 | 4,027 | 124.2 | 208 | 4,494 |
| Cooling | 31 | 4,045 | 129.7 | 209 | 4,419 |
| Lighting | 45 | 5,507 | 122.9 | 318 | 6,240 |
| 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). 2In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS). Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. N = No cases in reporting sample. Notes: • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See the Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definitions of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/ • Statistics for the Energy end uses category represent total consumption in buildings that have the end use, not consumption specifically for that particular end use. • HVAC = Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Forms EIA-871A and D of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. |
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